種是摩擦防松。這是應(yīng)用廣的一種防松方式，這種方式在螺紋副之間產(chǎn)生一不隨外力變化的正壓力，以產(chǎn)生一能夠阻止螺紋副相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的摩擦力。這種正壓力可經(jīng)過(guò)軸向或同時(shí)兩向壓緊螺紋副來(lái)完成。如采用彈性墊圈、鋼筋銜接套筒、自鎖螺母和尼龍嵌件鎖緊螺母等。這種防松方式關(guān)于螺母的拆卸比擬便當(dāng)，但在沖擊、振動(dòng)和變載荷的狀況，開端螺栓會(huì)因松弛招致預(yù)緊力降落，隨著振動(dòng)次數(shù)的增加，損失的預(yù)緊力遲緩地增加，終將會(huì)招致螺母松脫、螺紋聯(lián)接失效。
The first is friction and anti-loosening. This is the most widely used anti-loosening method, which produces a positive pressure between the threaded pairs that does not change with the external force to produce a friction that can prevent the relative rotation of the threaded pairs. This positive pressure can be accomplished by axial or simultaneous compression of threaded pairs. For example, elastic washer, reinforcing bar connection sleeve, self-locking nut and nylon insert locking nut are used. This kind of anti-loosening method is convenient for nut disassembly, but in the case of impact, vibration and variable load, the preload of the start bolt will drop due to loosening. With the increase of vibration times, the loss of preload will increase slowly, which will eventually lead to nut loosening and thread connection failure.
第二種方式是機(jī)械防松。是用止動(dòng)件直接限制螺紋副的相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。如采用啟齒銷、串連鋼絲和止動(dòng)墊圈等。由于止動(dòng)件沒(méi)有預(yù)緊力，螺母松退到止動(dòng)位置時(shí)防松止動(dòng)件才干起作用，因而，這種方式實(shí)踐上不防松而是避免零落。
The second way is mechanical anti-loosening. It is to restrict the relative rotation of the screw pair directly with the stop. Such as the use of hoist pins, series steel wire and stop washer. Because the stop has no pre-tightening force, the anti-loosening stop can work when the nut is loosened to the stop position. Therefore, in practice, the anti-loosening stop can not prevent loosening but avoid falling.
第三種方式是鉚沖防松。在擰緊后采用沖點(diǎn)、焊接、粘接等辦法，使螺紋副失去運(yùn)動(dòng)副特性而銜接成為不可拆銜接。這種方式的缺陷是栓桿只能運(yùn)用一次，且拆卸非常艱難，必需毀壞螺栓副方可拆卸。
The third way is riveting to prevent loosening. After tightening, punching point, welding, bonding and other methods are adopted to make the thread pair lose the characteristics of the motion pair and become an irremovable connection. The defect of this method is that the bolt can only be used once, and the disassembly is very difficult. The bolt must be destroyed before it can be disassembled.
第四種方式是構(gòu)造防松。是應(yīng)用螺紋副本身構(gòu)造，即唐氏螺紋防松方式。
The fourth way is structural loosening prevention. It is the application of thread duplicate body structure, that is, Down's thread loosening prevention method.
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