是摩擦。這是一種應(yīng)用更廣泛的防止松脫的方法，這種方法在螺桿副產(chǎn)生的外力之間產(chǎn)生一種變化的正壓力，以產(chǎn)生螺桿副能夠防止摩擦的相對轉(zhuǎn)動。這種正壓力可以通過向軸向或同時向兩個方向擠壓螺桿對來實(shí)現(xiàn)。如采用彈性墊圈、鋼接頭套、自鎖螺母和尼龍插入鎖緊螺母。這種防松方法對于螺母的拆卸更加方便。但是，在沖擊、振動和變載荷的情況下，螺栓的松動會導(dǎo)致預(yù)緊力在開始時減小。隨著振動次數(shù)的增加，預(yù)緊力的損失會慢慢增大，更終導(dǎo)致螺母松動，螺桿連接失效。
The first is friction. This is the most widely used method to prevent loosening. This method produces a positive pressure between the external forces generated by the screw pair, so as to produce the screw pair to prevent the relative rotation of friction. This positive pressure can be achieved by extruding the screw pair in axial direction or in both directions at the same time. Such as elastic washer, steel joint cover, self-locking nut and nylon insert lock nut. This method is more convenient for nut disassembly. However, in the case of impact, vibration and variable load, the loosening of bolts will lead to the reduction of preload at the beginning. With the increase of vibration times, the loss of preload will increase slowly, which will eventually lead to the loosening of nuts and the failure of screw connection.
第二種方法是機(jī)械鎖定。螺桿副的相對轉(zhuǎn)動直接受制動器的限制。如采用開口銷、鋼絲和止動墊圈。由于止動器上沒有預(yù)緊力，防松的止動器只有在螺母松回到停止位置時才會起作用。因此，這種方法實(shí)際上并不能防止塞子松動，而是防止其脫落。
The second method is mechanical locking. The relative rotation of the screw pair is directly limited by the brake. Such as cotter pin, steel wire and stop washer. Since there is no preload on the stop, the stop will only work if the nut is loosened back to the stop position. Therefore, this method does not prevent the plug from loosening but from falling off.
第三種方式是鉚接和打孔。擰緊后采用沖頭、焊接、粘接等方法使螺紋副失去運(yùn)動副的特性，成為不可拆卸的連接。這種方法的缺點(diǎn)是螺栓只能使用一次，拆卸非常困難。
The third way is riveting and punching. After tightening, punch, welding, bonding and other methods are used to make the thread pair lose the characteristics of the moving pair and become a non detachable connection. The disadvantage of this method is that the bolt can only be used once, so it is very difficult to disassemble.
四是結(jié)構(gòu)性松動。是采用螺紋對自身的結(jié)構(gòu)，即唐的螺紋松動方式。
Fourth, structural loosening. It adopts thread to its own structure, that is, Tang's thread loosening way.
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